Septic System Regulations in Virginia

In Virginia, onsite wastewater (septic) systems are regulated by Virginia Department of Health (VDH), Division of Onsite Water and Wastewater Services (Environmental Health), which sets the statewide code; some counties are delegated to issue permits and inspect locally, others are handled directly by the state agency. Installing, replacing or repairing a septic system here means, in sequence: a site and soil evaluation, a design, a permit application, an inspection while the system is open, and a final as-built record once it is approved.

Who regulates septic systems in Virginia

The state-level regulator is Virginia Department of Health (VDH), Division of Onsite Water and Wastewater Services (Environmental Health) (official program page). VDH sets statewide sewage handling and disposal regulations and local health districts issue construction permits and inspect systems, but since 2019 permit applications must be accompanied by supporting work (site evaluation, and system design for alternative systems) from a private-sector professional licensed by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation (DPOR), with VDH/OSE staff continuing to review that design work.

The statewide onsite-wastewater code is cited as 12VAC5-610 (Sewage Handling and Disposal Regulations) and 12VAC5-613 (Regulations for Alternative Onsite Sewage Systems). We link the agency's own page above rather than restating specific numeric requirements from it, since those change by rule revision and by local amendment.

The permit sequence

The order of operations is broadly consistent across the country, even though the specific numbers in each step vary by state and often by county. None of the figures below are specific to Virginia; treat this as the shape of the process, and get the actual numbers from the agency linked above or from the county office.

1. Site and soil evaluation. A qualified evaluator (see licensing below) digs test pits or runs a percolation test, and records the soil profile, depth to seasonal water table, depth to any restrictive layer, and slope. This determines whether the lot can support a conventional system or needs an alternative design.
2. Design. Under most state codes, daily design flow is set from bedroom count, not square footage. That flow drives tank capacity, and the soil evaluation sets the drainfield application rate and therefore its size. The designer also lays out setbacks to wells, property lines, surface water, foundations and a reserve/replacement area.
3. Permit application. Submitted to whichever office issues permits here (state agency or county/district health office, per the delegation model above), along with the design and soil work.
4. Installation and open inspection. The installer builds the system, and it is inspected before backfill while it is still open to view.
5. As-built and approval. A final drawing of what was actually built is filed once the system is approved. That as-built is the document a future owner, pumper or inspector needs, and it is what ends up in the county record.

Who can design and install a septic system

Getting septic records in Virginia

Septic records in Virginia are generally held by the county or local health jurisdiction that issued the permit, not by the state agency, and are released under the state's public records law. We have not logged the specific statute name and response deadline for Virginia yet; check with the county office listed on its records page below, or with Virginia Department of Health (VDH), Division of Onsite Water and Wastewater Services (Environmental Health).

Counties in Virginia we hold records for

We hold 493 septic records across 2 of 129 Virginia counties. Each county page below shows exactly where its records are kept and how many we hold.

Full Virginia county-by-county index · Open the parcel map

Common questions

Who regulates septic systems in Virginia?

Virginia Department of Health (VDH), Division of Onsite Water and Wastewater Services (Environmental Health). VDH sets statewide sewage handling and disposal regulations and local health districts issue construction permits and inspect systems, but since 2019 permit applications must be accompanied by supporting work (site evaluation, and system design for alternative systems) from a private-sector professional licensed by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation (DPOR), with VDH/OSE staff continuing to review that design work.

What is the septic permit process in Virginia?

The sequence is a site and soil evaluation, a design sized from the evaluation and (under most state codes) bedroom count, a permit application, an inspection before backfill, and a final as-built filed once the system is approved. Exact numeric requirements are set by the agency's own code, not restated here.

Who can install a septic system in Virginia?

DPOR-licensed Onsite Sewage System Installer (journeyman or master, conventional or alternative class) — no individual may install a conventional or alternative onsite sewage system without a valid installer license issued by the DPOR Board for Waterworks and Wastewater Works Operators and Onsite Sewage System Professionals. Board page: https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/WWWOOSSP

How do I get septic records for a property in Virginia?

Septic records are generally held by the county or district health office that issued the permit. See our county-by-county Virginia index for the specific office and portal in each county.

Sources

• https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/environmental-health/environmental-health-services/onsite-sewage-water-services/
• https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/WWWOOSSP
• https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency160/chapter40/section270/
• https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/environmental-health/onsite-sewage-water-services-updated/septic-system-and-private-well-service-providers/

Regulatory information on this page was researched against official state agency sources and last verified 2026-08-31. It is informational only: the agency linked above is authoritative, and requirements can change. We are not lawyers, not a government body, and not affiliated with, licensed or certified by any agency named on this page.